As new variants of the COVID-19 virus – particularly the delta variant – continue to permeate across Asia Pacific, governments and companies across the region have enacted a slew of measures to help mitigate the spread of the virus, such as work-from-home policies. These measures – in combination with hesitancy by employees themselves to return to offices – have resulted in a wide spectrum of office re-entry rates in the region, depending on each locale’s specific on-the-ground context. For example, while markets in Greater China have generally enjoyed high rates of re-entry in recent months, Southeast Asian cities in contrast have been seeing low re-entry rates.

Figure 1: Office re-entry rates in Asia Pacific

Note: Methodologies differ across markets so comparisons across markets may not be entirely like-for-like.
Source: JLL Research, Property Council of Australia, latest data as at September 2021.
Monthly data is collected at the end of each month or beginning of the next month.

 Office re-entry insights

One factor affecting overall office re-entry rates is the stage of the outbreak. That is, when the number of COVID-19 cases spikes, re-entry rates are generally lower, and when infection levels stabilize, re-entry rates begin to increase again. One example is Hong Kong, which saw re-entry rates fall in late-2020 and early-2021 as it faced its fourth wave of infections, before recovering to high re-entry levels as infection levels stabilized. Some more recent outbreaks – and accompanying increased government restrictions – have led to decreased re-entry rates in places like Australia, Vietnam and Singapore.

Another factor affecting re-entry rates is the strictness and nature of government measures to control the spread of COVID-19, including lockdowns and mass testing. Earlier in the pandemic, mainland China, New Zealand, Taiwan and Vietnam had managed to maintain full or nearly full occupancy as strict lockdown and quarantine measures effectively contained the spread of the virus. An effective mass testing regime in Seoul also helped keep re-entry levels relatively stable. Meanwhile, strict rules in Singapore such as work-from-home mandates and capped workplace occupancies of 50% to 75% meant that re-entry rates remained around medium or low levels.

A further point of nuance to add is that re-entry rates tend to be higher for domestic firms vis-à-vis multinational corporations. This is attributable to deeply ingrained local corporate cultural practices that are common in the region, while workplace policies for multinational corporations generally are determined at global headquarters and implemented on a worldwide basis.

Moving forward

To date, given the number of people working from home, there has been less pressure for companies to take up additional space, and hence some companies have put expansion plans on hold, reducing demand for offices. In the short term, there remains risks that office re-entry rates will be significantly impacted as a result of some markets reintroducing pandemic mitigation measures to contain the spread of future outbreaks. In addition, an increasing number of governments in the region are pivoting to a strategy of living with endemic COVID-19 in an effort to bring life back to some degree of normalcy and boost economic recovery.

Over the longer term, demand for office spaces in Asia Pacific is highly likely to recover given factors such as offices being locations that foster a sense of community and company culture for staff, enabling employees to socialize with one another. In the Asian context, home sizes tend to be smaller – making them less conducive to work from home – in some cities like Hong Kong and Tokyo, which further drives people’s preference to go to the office. Multi-generational households common in Asia also have an effect on how conducive to work the home environment is. Research from JLL Work Dynamics has showed that generally employees in the region have voiced their preference to return to the office. We have also seen instances of employees eagerly returning to the office once restrictions were eased and lockdowns lifted. On the other hand, the research also showed that there are also some people who prefer working from home due in part to long commute times, such as in India, which could in turn also drive demand for satellite flex spaces.

Overall, what is likely to change in the long term is increasing workplace flexibility, as companies adopt hybrid models of working, including working from home. According to JLL’s Worker Preferences Barometer, employees’ number one workforce priority is work-life balance and flexibility in working patterns, ahead of salary. Such evolving preferences will likely further reinforce the transformation of the workplace into one that allows for greater hybrid working arrangements.

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