Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, international and domestic supply chains alike have suffered drastically, prompting a move away from the highly lean ‘just-in-time’ inventory management model towards the ‘just-in-case’ approach. Throughout the 2010s, the common goal of most supply chain managers was to get as lean and as efficient as possible and finding a cost-effective manufacturer to help accomplish this. However, this meant supply chains were vulnerable to single points of failure, which the pandemic and its’ myriad of trade disruptions quickly provided in abundance. Since the onset of COVID-19, a far greater level of manufacturing diversification has been achieved. Supply chains now actively seek to spread manufacturers across geographies while reducing any single points of failure derived from transportation and distribution (Butt, 2022).

Unsurprisingly, international supply chains have been most affected

Impact on occupier demand

The aforementioned supply chain difficulties originally resulted in a substantial uptick in gross take-up levels, mainly from 3PLs and retailers. Both the Retail Trade & Transport, Postal & Warehousing sectors exceeded the previous record national annual gross take-up for their sectors during the pandemic by 59.4% (2020) and 34.2% (2021), respectively (Source: JLL Research).

However, in a historically tight vacancy environment in the Australian industrial market, the true level of demand is not accurately represented in gross take-up levels. Many occupiers are forced into incubation, taking smaller than desired spaces on short-term leases whilst looking to secure a pre-lease for a larger space in the future. Conversely, some occupiers found themselves with too much space on their hands after initially overestimating future requirements and are now sub-leasing any excess space.

All things equal, easing supply chain bottlenecks will aid the availability issues across the industrial market and reduce stress on overflow storage facilities. Ultimately, while the worst is likely behind us, lean supply chains are simply not possible any time soon. Problems in ports and persistently prevalent bottlenecks in China remain unresolved.

Despite this, occupier activity is expected to normalise to pre-COVID levels, with a more fluid sub-lease market likely to mitigate some occupier space relinquishment. The tailwinds exhibited throughout the pandemic, namely eCommerce adoption, are likely to be structural, with many groups deriving a larger share of their revenue from online sales, supporting the holistic strength of the industrial sector over the medium-to-long term.

Figure 1: Retailer revenue derived from online sales in Australia

Source: JLL Research, Annual Reports as of 4Q22

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